Which type of RNA is primarily responsible for the decoding process during protein synthesis?

During protein synthesis, transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a critical role in decoding the mRNA sequence into a corresponding amino acid sequence. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and possesses an anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA strand. This pairing ensures that the correct amino acids are added in the proper sequence as dictated by the mRNA, which is essential for building the protein accurately.

The other types of RNA mentioned contribute to the overall process in different ways. Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes, providing structural and catalytic functions but does not directly decode the mRNA. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) usually refers to a type of viral RNA or RNA in a specific context, but it is not primarily involved in the decoding process during protein synthesis.

In summary, tRNA is the key player that actively decodes the mRNA during protein synthesis by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon and transferring the appropriate amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.