Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU) Entrance Practice exam

The phase of the cell cycle associated with DNA synthesis is the S phase, or synthesis phase. During this stage, the cell invests its resources in duplicating its DNA, ensuring that when the cell divides, each of the two daughter cells will receive an identical set of chromosomes. This is critical for maintaining genetic continuity and ensuring that each new cell has the necessary genetic information to function properly.

During the S phase, the DNA replication process occurs, where each chromosome is replicated to form two sister chromatids, which are eventually separated during the subsequent mitosis or meiosis phases. The completion of this phase sets the stage for proper cellular division, making it fundamental to cell cycle regulation and organismal development.

In contrast, the G1 phase primarily involves cellular growth and preparation for DNA synthesis, while the G2 phase focuses on further preparation for mitosis after DNA has been synthesized. The M phase refers to mitosis, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells but does not involve DNA synthesis. Thus, the S phase is uniquely pivotal in the cell cycle for the replication of genetic material.