Which trisomy disorder typically results in severe disabilities and heart problems?

Patau syndrome, also known as trisomy 13, is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 13 in the individual's genetic makeup. This genetic anomaly leads to a variety of severe developmental issues, including significant intellectual disabilities, physical malformations, and organ defects. One of the hallmark features of Patau syndrome is the high incidence of congenital heart defects, which often accompanies the condition. Many affected individuals also exhibit structural abnormalities in other organs and systems, contributing to the overall severity of the disorder.

In contrast, the other conditions listed, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), have different profiles of symptoms and complications. Although they also can be associated with disabilities and, in some cases, heart problems, the combination of severe disabilities, distinct physical characteristics, and a particularly high risk of serious cardiac issues is most closely associated with Patau syndrome.