Which hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

The anterior pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis, is responsible for producing several key hormones that play vital roles in regulating various physiological functions. Growth hormone (GH) is one of the primary hormones produced by the anterior pituitary and is essential for growth, cellular reproduction, and regeneration. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is another crucial hormone secreted by this gland; it stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which are critical for regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall growth and development.

The distinct functions of GH and TSH highlight their significance in the endocrine system's regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, GH influences growth and metabolic processes, while TSH is integral in controlling thyroid function.

Other choices include hormones that are not produced by the anterior pituitary, thus emphasizing the specificity of hormone production within different glandular contexts in the body. Understanding the role and production of these hormones underlines the importance of the anterior pituitary in maintaining homeostasis and facilitating various bodily functions.