Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to decrease blood glucose levels?

Insulin is the hormone secreted by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in reducing blood glucose levels. It is produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets and functions primarily by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the body's cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue. Once glucose enters these cells, it can be utilized for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles, thus lowering the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.

Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver, further contributing to the decrease in blood glucose levels. When blood glucose rises after meals, insulin is released in larger amounts to ensure that glucose is effectively removed from the bloodstream, maintaining homeostasis.

In contrast, the other hormones listed have different roles in glucose metabolism. Glucagon, for instance, works to increase blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. Cortisol, a stress hormone, also raises blood glucose levels, as it promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver. Adrenaline can spur a rapid increase in blood glucose levels during times of stress or danger by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver.

Understanding the specific functions of insulin within glucose regulation highlights its critical importance in maintaining energy homeostasis and responding to varying levels of blood