Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and increases blood glucose levels?

The hormone produced by the pancreas that increases blood glucose levels is glucagon. This hormone plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis. When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. Its primary function is to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream, thereby elevating blood glucose levels.

Glucagon acts as a counter-regulatory hormone to insulin, which works to lower blood glucose levels. This balance is vital for maintaining healthy glucose levels in the body, particularly during periods of fasting or intense exercise when the body requires additional energy.

Other hormones listed, such as ADH (antidiuretic hormone), dopamine, and cortisol, have different primary functions. ADH is mainly involved in regulating water balance, dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter, and cortisol is a stress hormone that affects metabolism and immune response but does not directly act to raise blood glucose levels in the same way glucagon does. Thus, glucagon is the key hormone responsible for increasing blood glucose levels during times of need.