Which cells are primarily responsible for cleaning up dead cells in the brain?

Microglia are specialized immune cells located within the central nervous system, including the brain. Their primary role is to act as the brain's resident immune defense, quickly responding to injury or disease. In the process of maintaining brain health, microglia are crucial for clearing away dead cells and debris, a function that is vital for preventing inflammation and promoting repair. They constantly survey the environment for signs of cellular damage or infection and can migrate to sites of injury where they engulf and digest cellular debris, dead neurons, and other pathogens.

This cleanup process helps to maintain a healthy neuronal environment, facilitating the regeneration and proper functioning of the brain's neural networks. The ability of microglia to adapt their function in response to different pathological conditions further highlights their critical role in supporting brain health and recovery.