Which bond involves two identical elements sharing electrons equally?

The bond that involves two identical elements sharing electrons equally is a non-polar covalent bond. In a non-polar covalent bond, the atoms involved have the same electronegativity, meaning they have the same ability to attract electrons. Consequently, when these identical elements share electrons, there is no charge separation, and the distribution of electron density is even.

This equal sharing results in a stable bond where neither atom becomes partially positive or negative, which is characteristic of non-polar molecules. A common example of a non-polar covalent bond is the diatomic molecule of hydrogen (H2), where two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons equally.

The other types of bonds listed do not share electrons equally between identical elements. Hydrogen bonds are weak interactions that occur between polar molecules, often involving hydrogen atoms. Metallic bonds involve a "sea of electrons" shared among a lattice of metal atoms, without the concept of equal sharing between identical atoms. Dative covalent bonds involve one atom donating both electrons to the bond, which does not meet the criteria of equal sharing between identical elements.