Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which are specialized organelles found in the cells of green plants and some algae. This process is vital for converting light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which serves as food for the plant. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the green pigment essential for capturing light energy. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are transformed into oxygen and glucose through a series of complex reactions, predominantly taking place within the thylakoid membranes and the stroma of the chloroplasts.

The other organelles mentioned have specific functions, such as the cell membrane, which controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell; the vacuole, which stores materials and helps maintain turgor pressure; and the nucleus, which houses genetic material and manages cell activities. However, none of these are involved in the process of photosynthesis.