What type of bonds are formed between a negative pole of one molecule and a positive pole of another?

Hydrogen bonds are formed between the negative pole of one molecule and the positive pole of another. This intermolecular force occurs when a hydrogen atom, which is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, experiences an attraction to another electronegative atom in a nearby molecule. This bond is relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds, but it plays a significant role in the properties of water and the structure of proteins and nucleic acids.

The notion of Van der Waals bonds relates to weak attractions between molecules, but these are not specifically focused on the interaction between charged poles as seen in hydrogen bonding. Instead, Van der Waals forces arise from transient dipoles that occur due to electron distribution.

Ionic bonds are characterized by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another and the resulting attraction between charged ions, which is a different mechanism than the pole-to-pole attraction described in the question.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, rather than the attraction between poles of molecules.

Thus, the focus on positive and negative poles accurately points towards hydrogen bonds as the correct answer to the question posed.