What role does ADP play in cellular processes?

ADP, or adenosine diphosphate, plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism, particularly in capturing energy from the oxidation of fuels. When ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is broken down for energy, it loses a phosphate group, converting it into ADP. This process releases energy that the cell can use for various functions, including muscle contraction, biosynthesis, and active transport.

In the context of energy production, during cellular respiration, ADP is phosphorylated back into ATP using the energy derived from the oxidation of nutrients like glucose. This cycle of converting ADP to ATP and back is fundamental to the energy economy of the cell, allowing it to efficiently manage its energy needs. Therefore, the role of ADP in capturing energy from metabolic processes highlights its importance in maintaining the cellular functions essential for life.