What role do B lymphocytes play in the immune system?

B lymphocytes, or B cells, are a crucial component of the adaptive immune system, primarily known for their role in humoral immunity. They are responsible for producing antibodies, which are specific proteins that can recognize and bind to pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. When B cells encounter an antigen that matches their specific receptor, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells. These plasma cells then secrete large amounts of antibodies into the bloodstream, which neutralize pathogens and tag them for destruction by other immune cells.

The production of antibodies by B cells is vital in providing immunity against bacterial infections, as these antibodies can inhibit the growth of bacteria, prevent them from adhering to host cells, and facilitate their elimination by phagocytic cells. This is why the statement about B cells releasing antibodies to fight bacterial infections is accurate and encapsulates one of their primary functions in the immune response.

B cells also contribute to the formation of memory cells after an initial infection, ensuring a faster and more effective response if the same pathogen is encountered again in the future. This aspect underscores their significance in long-term immunity. While other immune cells, such as T cells, have their unique roles—like directly killing infected cells or regulating the immune response—B cells' distinct function