What is the role of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

Peripheral proteins play a crucial role in the cell membrane primarily by temporarily adhering to its surface rather than being embedded within the lipid bilayer itself. These proteins are often associated with the inner or outer sides of the membrane and can interact with other membrane components or cytoskeletal elements. This temporary attachment allows them to perform a variety of functions, such as signaling, maintaining the cell's shape, and facilitating communication between the cell and its environment.

Understanding this transient nature helps clarify their role in cellular processes. For example, peripheral proteins may associate with membrane receptors to relay signals from the extracellular environment to the cell's interior. Additionally, their reversibility allows the membrane to remain flexible and capable of changing in response to internal or external cues.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the properties or functions of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane, contributing to the understanding of cellular structure and function.