What is the process of protein synthesis?

The process of protein synthesis involves translating genetic information encoded in DNA into functional proteins. This process can be understood in two main steps: transcription and translation.

The choice indicating the generation of new proteins from amino acids accurately captures the essence of what protein synthesis ultimately accomplishes. During this process, ribosomes interpret the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA), which was transcribed from DNA, and link together the appropriate amino acids in the correct order to form a protein. This involves the use of transfer RNA (tRNA) that brings the amino acids to the ribosome, where they are sequentially added to build the polypeptide chain.

While the conversion of DNA to RNA, the replication of DNA, and the transcription of mRNA are all crucial parts of genetic expression, they do not fully encompass the entirety of protein synthesis, which culminates in the formation of proteins. Therefore, focusing specifically on the generation of proteins from amino acids highlights the final goal of the synthesis process, making it the correct answer.