What is the primary function of gap junctions in cells?

The primary function of gap junctions is to facilitate direct communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. These specialized intercellular connections allow for the transfer of small molecules, ions, and electrical signals, which is crucial for various physiological processes. For example, in cardiac muscle cells, gap junctions enable the synchronized contraction of the heart by allowing the passage of ions that trigger action potentials. This direct cytoplasmic connection ensures that cells can coordinate their activities in a rapid and efficient manner, which is vital in tissues that require quick responses, such as in the nervous system and in the heart.

The other options describe different cellular functions that do not accurately represent the role of gap junctions. Connections between the cell wall and cytoplasm pertain to the structural aspects of cells rather than intercellular communication. Neurotransmitter release relates to synaptic transmission, which involves chemical signaling rather than direct cytoplasmic connection. Elasticity in muscle cells pertains to structural properties of muscle fibers and their ability to stretch and recoil, but this is not a function of gap junctions.