What is the primary effect of insulin in the body?

Insulin plays a crucial role in the body’s metabolic processes, primarily by decreasing blood glucose levels. It is a hormone produced by the pancreas and is responsible for promoting the uptake of glucose into the cells of the body, particularly in muscle and fat tissue. When blood glucose levels rise, such as after eating, insulin is released into the bloodstream.

Once in circulation, insulin binds to specific receptors on cells, facilitating the transport of glucose from the blood into the cells. This action lowers the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream, ultimately helping to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Insulin also promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues, and it inhibits the production of glucose by the liver, further contributing to the decrease in blood glucose levels.

Insulin's primary function does not include regulating blood calcium levels or stimulating the production of adrenaline. These processes involve different hormones and regulatory mechanisms within the body.