What is the centromere of a chromosome?

The centromere of a chromosome is specifically the region where the two sister chromatids attach. This structure is crucial during cell division, particularly in processes like mitosis and meiosis, where the centromere plays a vital role by allowing the chromatids to be pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. The physical attachment at the centromere facilitates the correct segregation of genetic material, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an accurate copy of the chromosomes.

In addition to its role in chromatid attachment, the centromere is also important for the binding of proteins that form the kinetochore, which is essential for chromosome movement during cell division. The positioning of the centromere can also affect the overall shape and classification of the chromosome, but its primary function is centered around the attachment and separation of sister chromatids.