What is Huntington's disease?

Huntington's disease is recognized as a degenerative brain disorder that is genetically inherited. The critical aspect of this condition is that it is caused by a mutation in a specific gene known as the HTT gene, leading to a progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. Because it follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, individuals with one copy of the mutated gene have a 50% chance of passing it on to their offspring. This genetic basis is significant in understanding the transmission and potential risk associated with the disease within families.

The progressive nature of Huntington's disease causes a range of symptoms, including motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric issues, making it a comprehensive disorder rather than one that merely affects movement or can be resolved by the presence of a healthy gene. Understanding this inheritance pattern is crucial for those looking to assess risk factors within their families and seeking genetic counseling as part of their healthcare.