What does the process of reduction involve?

The process of reduction involves the gain of electrons. In the context of redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions, reduction is defined specifically as the process whereby a substance acquires electrons. As a result of gaining electrons, the oxidation state of the element being reduced decreases. This is a fundamental concept in chemistry, as redox reactions are vital in various biological and chemical processes, including cellular respiration and energy production.

Understanding reduction as a gain of electrons also frames it in contrast to oxidation, which involves the loss of electrons and an increase in oxidation state. This interplay between reduction and oxidation is crucial for maintaining the balance of electrical charge in chemical reactions, allowing for the conservation of matter and energy.