What does the glomerulus do?

The glomerulus plays a crucial role in the kidneys' function, specifically in the nephron, which is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. Its primary function is to filter blood. The glomerulus consists of a tuft of capillaries surrounded by a structure known as Bowman's capsule, where the filtration process takes place. During this process, blood entering the glomerulus is filtered under pressure, allowing water, electrolytes, and small molecules to pass through while retaining larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells within the bloodstream. This filtration is the first step in the formation of urine, helping to regulate fluid balance, electrolytes, and waste removal from the body. Understanding the glomerulus's function is paramount in comprehending kidney physiology and the overall role of the urinary system in maintaining homeostasis.