What is the primary function of helicase in DNA synthesis?

Helicase plays a crucial role in the process of DNA synthesis by unwinding the double-stranded DNA molecule. This unwinding is essential because DNA synthesis requires access to the individual strands of DNA. As helicase moves along the DNA, it disrupts the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, separating the two strands and creating what is known as the replication fork. This opens up the double helix and allows other enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, to access the template strands and synthesize new complementary strands.

The function of helicase sets the stage for the entire replication process, as without the unwinding of DNA, the subsequent steps like the addition of nucleotides, the synthesis of RNA primers, and the sealing of DNA fragments would not be possible. This makes the action of helicase fundamental to the continuity of genetic information during cell division.